Device intended for the transmitting of energy by means of a hollow electromagnetic guide



March 13, GUTTON I 2,544,923

DEVICE INTENDED FOR THE TRANSMITTING 0F ENERGY BY MEANS OF A HOLLOW ELECTROMAGNETIC GUIDE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 19, 1946 March 13, 1951 H. GUTTON 2,544,923

DEVICE INTENDED FOR THE TRANSMITTING OF ENERGY BY MEANS OF A HOLLOW ELECTROMAGNETIC GUIDE Filed July 19, 1946 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 fig. 8

flax/0 EV 45 4a ABAB :48 3 83 V A ii r r l I v [vi @2102 fiE/YH GZrra/v m zzvgr Patented Mar. 13, 1951 DEVICE INTENDED FOR THE TRANSMITe GO' F' RG KMMNfiQl- A "LOWELECTROMAGNETIC GUIDE 7 France, assignor to Compagn ie vG}en elalefde Telegraphic Sans Fil, acorp'oration" of France hpplicatinJuly-l'a 1946,j"s ii;; 1 "No.n In-France May 7,1942

amines. (clf'its i i "Ihis"invention is relating: to devices intended for the V transmitting of energy byur'ieans of a hollow electromagnetic wave guide.

When a transmitter is coupled to a hollowelectrornagnetic waveguide in such manner 'as to excite a wave of the type H1 inacylindricalguide of revolution intended to feed "an' aerial, the problem arises as to how to'supply the aerial without causing a refiectionoffthe wave through a rotating joint which permits the orientation of the aerial in all directions.

Now theproperties of a wave or the type H1 do 1 not permit the correct angular position of the transmitter in any direction. It is, "however, an

' advantage to employ em ry-p of wave since it is the jonlyior n' of 'waveap'preciably I polarised and which ispropagated in the interior of a-{guide inth e form of a eylinder of revolution. 'Actually the electric vector at all thepoints of-a diametrical plane MY 'Y'- 'is normal to this plane YFigure 1).

This form of wave lends itself best tofthe'supply of a horn emitting a polarised wave. flt has fur- 'thermore the property of transmittingthe lowest frequencies in the interior of a cylindrical guide of givendiameter 'which enables tubes of comparatively smaller diameter to be employed.

The cut' off frequencyisfixed by'the ratio:

Y in w ic cis" the velocity'of the wave 111 "freespace ansis the radius of the guide.

For any other type of wave the cut-off freformers which enable'e'nergy :to be transmitted with cliarigeinthesectiori of the guides "and also the transmission of energy from" a transmitter of short waves to a directional electromagnetic Figure 1 shows th electric ierce pattern-for Hr waves in a Circular wave-guide.

transmission of electromagnetic energy from an ultra-short wavegenerator to a rotating electromagnetic horn.

Figure 3 shows the e'lectric force pattern for H01 waves in arectangular Wave guide.

Figure 4 is' the longitudinal section of a device 7 for "the transformation of H1 waves in a cylin- --dricalwaveguide-into H01 waves'ina rectangular wave guide.

"Figure 5 is theelectric force-pattern for H waves in-a'circular wave guide.

Figure 6 is the electric force pattern forHo waves in a circular wave guide provided with radial partitions. 1

Figure 7 is ametallic envelope for the trans- 1 formation Of-H01 "waves in a rectangular wave 'guide'into Ho waves in a--sectoral-section 0f a cylindrical *wave Iguide.

Figure 8 is a perspective view of a metallic-envelope ju'xtaposed to theenvelope'of Figure? 7 to 'cor'n'pletethe trarrsformation of H01 waves into Ho wavsin" a cylindrical waveguide.

Figure" 9 is 1 a"- longitudinal 'section corresponding to the view of Figure 8. I -'Fig'ure "10 is'afi'ont view'of the inputopening *o' f the-devices of-Fi gures'a and 9 when juxtaposed.

According to" the present invention, a device 'forthe conveyanceof 'wavesguided in hollow conduits comprises wholly or in part (Figure 2) the following elements In addition to a' generator i a circular conduit [excited with waves of-the H1 type; and adaptation'device 3 for passing from this circular conduitto a rectangular c'onduitl excited by H01 wave, aseconddoubleadaptation device 5, $3 for passing-from a"rectan'gular conduit excited'by wave Hoito' a circulari'conduit l excited bywave Ho; arot'at'ing joiiit device Sand finally a reverse adaptation device 18," I l -for passing from a circular conduit 9 excited by wave Ho to a rectangular conduit 12 excited'bywave H01 and a directional electromagnetic horn l3 supplied-by the conduit 12', t-h(=, entire v di'recti'on'al'iinit -(9; ll}, ll, I2; [3 reverse transformer; rectangular conduit and horn? being movable about the axis of the "rotating "joint 8.

V The deScriptiOn-" giVen here'aftef-will more clearly indicate the means employed and the advantages which accrue. 4 The adaptation of a circularguide in waves-H1 to a circular guide in waves H0 is obtained by means of an --ixiterm'ediate'irectangular. guide in waves H01 5 the electric vector "of which remains constantly parallel to one of the side's' ofthe guide (Figure 3). The"diiriension" 6* of the side of the guide normal to the lines of electric force is all that matters in the determinationof the velocity of phase and the cut-off frequency:

ania-r23 The length of wave 7( m the interior of the guide is fixed by:

The transformation of H1 waves within the cylindrical wave guide without appreciable refiection is obtained, according to the invention, through a metallic hollow devicerepresented by Figure 4. It has the form of a section of dihedron D-D' which intersects the cylindrical guide. Having an angle equal to or smaller than 30, its edge is perpendicular to the electric vector of the H1 wave and stands at a distance from its intersection with the rectangular wave guide which is at least equal to where A is the wavelength in the guide.

The long transverse dimension b of the rectangular guide normal to the electric vector must be related to the radius R. of the cylindrical guide in such manner that the speed of propagation of the phase does not vary. This result is obtained if:

vrR b R This transformer permits without loss of energy by reflection the adaptation of a guide of rectangular section into a guide of cylindrical section.

The wave H01 thus produced must then be transformed into a wave capable of being guided without disturbance into a rotating conduit.

Now the magnetic wave H0 and the electric wave E0 in the interior of a cylindrical guide are the only types of symmetrical propagation with respect to an axis of revolution. Furthermore,

the wave H0 is the only form in respect of which the electric current in the surface of the guide has no component in the direction of propagation.

This latter property, added to the symmetry of revolution about the axis of the cylinder, permits, according to the invention, the passage of the wave from a fixed portion of an apparatus to a rotating portion under the best conditions.

The lines of force of the electric vector of the wave Ho are circles in the plane of the crosssection of the guide (Figure The electric field is nil in the vicinity of the wall or surface and of the axis of the cylinder. It is a maximum for a radius =0.48R.

The magnetic field is constantly normal to the electric field. Its component in the plane of the cross-section is radial, it is nullified on the axis of revolution and on the wall or surface and is a maximum for a radius =0.48R. Its component in the direction of propagation is a maximum on the axis of revolution, becomes nil on reversal for =0.628R and acquires an amplitude equal to 0.403Ho on the surface of the cylinder, Ho being the amplitude of the field on the axis.

The distribution of the magnetic field at the surface of the cylinder shows that the current which circulates on thewall has no component in the direction of propagation The length of wave of propagation t is defined The wave Ho in a cylindrical guide the axis of which coincides with the axis of rotation of the rotating entirety can thus pass through a rotating joint without using a metallic contact between the fixed part and the rotating part.

According to the invention, the wave H01 guided in a conduit of rectangular section is transformed progressively into a similar magnetic wave circulating in the interior of a sector of a cylinder of radius R1. This wave can be considered as a fraction of a wave Ho circulating in the interior of a cylinder of radius R1. It is, in fact, possible without disturbing the propagation of the wave H01 to cut the cylinder of radius R1 by radial planes 0 A or 0B (Figure 6).

The velocity of phase in the guide having for section the sector O-AB is the same as in the cylinder of radius OA or OB.

On passing from the rectangular section to the section O-AB the phase velocity remains constant if R1=l.22b, b being the dimension of the side of the rectangular conduit normal to the electric lines of force.

According to the invention, there will be constituted, in order to effect this transformation, a wave transformer (Figure '7) having the form of a hollow solid of trapezoidal section, one of the bases Q of which decreases to zero at O, whilst the other Q1 remains constant, and the height of which increases in the proportion of l to 1.22 from b to R1=1.22b.

The length Z of this transformer must be such that the angle not the triangle formed by the sides of the triangular base Q is less than 2d (approximately) To cause the magnetic wave circulating in the interior of the sector AO-B to become transformed into a wave Ho circulating in the interior of the cylinder of radius R1, there is constituted, according to the invention, another transformer (Figure 8) formed of a hollow cylindrical body comprising two interior pairs obtained by progressively separating the sides 0A and OB until they merge together according to 0'0 (Figure 8). The geometrical positions of the straight lines 0A and Q13 and two helicoids, He to the right, and Hg to the left, limited on the one hand by the axis of the cylinder, and on the other by the surface of the cylinder.

To avoid reflections at the inlet and at the outlet of the wave transformer of Figure 8, it is necessary that:

a. The intersection of the two helicoids Ho and Hg presumed to extend from the side R of the incident wave must be at a distance from the junction (that is to say from the plane A-O-B) greater than b. The pitch of the helicoid must be at least interruption beyond which commences the movable part of the apparatus.

In carrying the reverse transformation into effect, the wave H01 is met with in the interior of a rectangular guide. This guide has in fact the property of best adapting itself to an electromagnetic horn of rectangular section. There is practically no reflection of the wave at the inlet of the horn if the angles of the two dihedrons formed by the opposite faces of the horn are each less than 30 and the distance from the virtual apex of these dihedrons to the junction section, greater than This wave H01 then excites the electromagnetic horn.

Figures 9 and 10 of the annexed drawing illustrate in longitudinal section and end view an example of embodiment of the whole of the transformers of the wave H01 into wave H0. The cross-sections of the transformer elements of the guides are shown at the different levels. The rotating joint is in the plane PP'.

It is quite evident that the wave emitted by the transmitter is not necessarily of the type H1 but may, for example, be of the-type H01. In this case, this wave may either be transformed directly into a wave H0 of revolution by means of the transformers which have just been described, thus obviating the first adaptation device or this wave H0 may be transformed into a wave H1 and then this wave H1 be retransformed into a wave H0, polarised afresh and then the wave H01 which is obtained be transformed into a wave H0, permitting the employment of a rotating joint.

This double transformation of the wave H01 into H01 passing through the wave H1 presents the advantage of being able to effect the transmission of the wave in the form of an H1 wave in a cylindrical guide, which is advantageous as has been seen above in the case of connections at a great distance (economy, less loss, smaller diameters of the guides, etc.)

It is to be noted that a large number of combinations are possible for effecting the transmission of the waves, these combinations are naturally included in the scope of the invention from the fact that they are capable of being employed with the adaptation device or devices which have just been described in particular with a view to carrying into effect a rotation by any angle of the aerials without appreciably disturbing the waves to be transmitted.

What I claim is:

1. In a device for transmitting energy in the form of progressive electromagnetic ultra-short waves, from a wave generator to an electromagnetic horn, adapted to turn about a fixed axis, two identical extremities, in the form of rectangular wave guides designed to transmit only H01 waves of a given wavelength in empty space, means coupling one of these wave guides to the generator and adapted to excite H01 waves in its input section, a middle portion, composed of a cylindrical wave guide having a rotating joint, coaxial with the guide and coincident with the horn rotation axis, two wave transformers connecting this middle portion to the two extremities, the hollow transformers being identical metallic casings in reverse position relatively to each 6 and adapted to give thereto a gradually changing parallel cross-section, whereby the rectangular end section gradually merges into an isosceles triangular section, parallel to the rectangular one, and the triangular section gradually merges into a circle parallel to said triangle.

2. In a device according to claim 1, a wave transformer composed of two juxtaposed elements, communicating through an isosceles triangular opening and having the same plane of symmetry, bounded by a diameter of the circular end section, the bisectrix of the angle of the triangular opening facing the base of this triangle and the axis of symmetry of the rectangular end section parallel to its longer transverse dimension, the sections of said first element by a plane moving from the rectangular end section to the triangular one, while remaining parallel to said end section, being trapeziums having parallel corresponding bases in these planes, one of them keeping a constant length, while the other ones become smaller and smaller, the gradually diminishing bases forming an isosceles triangle, whose two equal sides form an angle smaller than 20 the two equal sides R1 of the communication opening being related to the longer transverse dimension b of the rectangular end section by the equation the sections of said second element by the same moving plane, travelling in the same direction, beyond the triangular opening, being circular sectors having the same radius R1, their bisectrices standing in the said symmetry plane and the apexes of their angles on a line perpendicular to said bisectrices, this angle increasing linearly with the distance of the moving plane from the triangular opening, till it becomes equal to the variation of this angle with that distance being such that the virtual intersection of the two partitions forming the sides of the sectoral sections, when extended beyond the triangular opening, is at a distance from this opening greater than where by is the wavelength in either guide; the radius R1 being such that the axial distance between the virtual and real intersections of the two partitions is at least equal to 3R1.

3. In a device as claimed in claim 1, a pyramidal electromagnetic horn, the angles of the two dihedrons formed by its opposite faces being less than 30 and the distance from the virtual edges of these dihedrons to the junction section of the horn being greater than where 7g is the wavelength of the wave in the rectangular guide.

HENRI GUTTON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,129,714 Southworth Sept. 13, 1938 2,253,503 Bowen Aug. 26, 1941 2,281,274 Dallenbach Apr. 28, 1942 2,403,289 Korman July 2, 1946 2,425,345 Ring Aug. 12, 1947 

